Screening in underserved populations

  • Charts and Tables

    Charts and Tables

    Figure 2.6

    Percentage of women† (aged 21 to 69) reporting at least one Pap test in the last three years, by household income quintile and immigrant status, Canada - 2012 reporting year

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † Age-standardized to 2011 standard population.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Target line = 80%

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Data Table

    Sociodemographic characteristicSubgroupingsCases‡Percent (%)Lower bound of 95% confidence intervalUpper bound of 95% confidence interval
    Household income quintile (Q)Q12,32769.266.172.3
    Household income quintile (Q)Q22,34975.472.878.0
    Household income quintile (Q)Q33,10280.978.982.9
    Household income quintile (Q)Q43,24684.282.286.2
    Household income quintile (Q)Q53,65884.582.586.6
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: < 10 yrs in Canada45965.057.472.5
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: 10 yrs or more in Canada1,50971.768.175.3
    Immigrant statusCanadian-born12,69581.880.882.9

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † Age-standardized to 2011 standard population.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Target line = 80%

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Figure 2.7

    Percentage of eligible† women (aged 50 to 69) reporting a screening†† mammogram in the last two years, by household income quintile and immigrant status, Canada - 2012 reporting year

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † A woman is deemed eligible for screening mammography if her reason for undergoing a mammogram is not to investigate previously detected lumps or breast problems, or as follow-up to breast cancer treatment.

    †† Excludes tests done to investigate symptoms.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Target = 70%.

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Data Table

    Sociodemographic characteristicSubgroupingsCases‡Percent (%)Lower bound of 95% confidence intervalUpper bound of 95% confidence interval
    Household income quintile (Q)Q11,29362.357.367.2
    Household income quintile (Q)Q21,57470.766.774.7
    Household income quintile (Q)Q31,78574.470.878.0
    Household income quintile (Q)Q41,56876.472.980.0
    Household income quintile (Q)Q51,75980.577.883.2
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: < 10 yrs in Canada4171.555.887.2
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: 10 yrs or more in Canada1,03471.166.076.1
    Immigrant statusCanadian-born6,78373.471.775.1

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † A woman is deemed eligible for screening mammography if her reason for undergoing a mammogram is not to investigate previously detected lumps or breast problems, or as follow-up to breast cancer treatment.

    †† Excludes tests done to investigate symptoms.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Target = 70%.

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Figure 2.8

    Percentage of the population (aged 50 to 74) who are up-to-date† on colorectal cancer screening for asymptomatic†† reasons, by household income quintile and immigrant status, Canada - 2012 reporting year

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † Up-to-date is defined as having a fecal test in the past two years and/or sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in the past five years.

    †† Excludes patients being investigated for symptoms.

    E Interpret with caution owing to large variability in the estimate.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Data Table

    Sociodemographic characteristicSubgroupingsCases‡Percent (%)Interpret with cautionLower bound of 95% confidence intervalUpper bound of 95% confidence interval
    Household income quintile (Q)Q11,49536.433.139.7
    Household income quintile (Q)Q22,04642.339.545.1
    Household income quintile (Q)Q32,25043.740.846.5
    Household income quintile (Q)Q42,06747.244.250.3
    Household income quintile (Q)Q52,56150.147.652.5
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: < 10 yrs in Canada4827.1E16.637.6
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: 10 yrs or more in Canada1,57646.542.950.0
    Immigrant statusCanadian-born8,61344.343.045.6

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † Up-to-date is defined as having a fecal test in the past two years and/or sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in the past five years.

    †† Excludes patients being investigated for symptoms.

    E Interpret with caution owing to large variability in the estimate.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

  • Data specifications

    Data specifications

    Cervical cancer screening

    Definition: Age‐standardized (2011 standard population) percentage of women aged 18–69 who had at least one Papanicolau (Pap) smear in the past 3 years

    Rationale for measurement: There is substantial evidence that cancer screening rates are lower among Canadians with low socioeconomic status (SES) than they are among those with higher SES, despite a system of universal health care. Research has also shown that new immigrants to Canada tend to underutilize cancer screening services compared to people who were born in Canada. This trend has also been observed in other countries.

    Measurement timeframe: 2012

    Denominator: Total number of women aged 18–69 (excluding women who have had a hysterectomy)

    Numerator: Total number of women aged 18–69 reporting having had at least one Pap test in the past 3 years

    Exclusion criteria: Not applicable

    Data availability: All provinces and territories

    Stratification: By income, immigration status

    Data source: Canadian Community Health Survey

    Data retrieval date: Not available

    Variables details:

    1. Have you ever had a PAP smear test?
    2. When was the last time?
    3. Have you had a hysterectomy?

    Notes from jurisdictions: Not applicable

    Methodology notes: CCHS data are based on a representative sample which is then extrapolated to the overall population. Territories are excluded from the income analysis.

    Changes to definition compared to previous years: Not applicable

    Breast cancer screening

    Definition: Percentage of asymptomatic females aged 50‐69 receiving a mammogram within the past 2 years, where asymptomatic is defined as respondents who indicated going for a mammogram for any of the following reasons:

    • family history; routine screen/check‐up
    • age
    • hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

    Mammograms received for any of the following reasons were excluded:

    • lump
    • breast problem
    • follow‐up to breast cancer treatment
    • other

    Rationale for measurement: There is substantial evidence that cancer screening rates are lower among Canadians with low socioeconomic status (SES) than they are among those with higher SES, despite a system of universal health care. Research has also shown that new immigrants to Canada tend to underutilize cancer screening services compared to people who were born in Canada. This trend has also been observed in other countries.

    Measurement timeframe: 2012

    Denominator: Total number of asymptomatic females aged 50 ‐ 69

    Numerator: Asymptomatic females aged 50 ‐ 69 who indicated going for a mammogram within the past 2 years

    Exclusion criteria: Not applicable

    Data availability: All provinces and territories

    Stratification: By income, immigration status

    Data source: Canadian Community Health Survey

    Data retrieval date: Not available

    Variables details:

    1. Have you ever had a mammogram that is, a breast x‐ray?
    2. Why did you have it? (mark all that apply):
      • family history
      • part of regular check‐up/routine screening
      • age
      • HRT
      • lump
      • followup to breast cancer treatment
      • breast problem
      • other
    3. When was the last time?

    Notes from jurisdictions: Not applicable

    Methodology notes: CCHS data are based on a representative sample which is then extrapolated to the overall population. Territories are excluded from the income analysis.

    Changes to definition compared to previous years: Not applicable

    Colorectal cancer screening

    Definition: Percentage of asymptomatic individuals aged 50 ‐ 74 who are up‐to‐date with their colorectal cancer screening. Up‐to‐date is defined as having had a screening fecal test (FOBT) in the past 2 years and/or sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in the past 5 years, and asymptomatic is defined as respondents who reported having a CRC screening test for any of the following reasons:

    • family history
    • regular check‐up/routine screening
    • age
    • race

    Colorectal screening received for any of the following reasons were excluded:

    • follow‐up of problem
    • follow‐up of colorectal cancer treatment
    • other

    Rationale for measurement: There is substantial evidence that cancer screening rates are lower among Canadians with low socioeconomic status (SES) than they are among those with higher SES, despite a system of universal health care. Research has also shown that new immigrants to Canada tend to underutilize cancer screening services compared to people who were born in Canada. This trend has also been observed in other countries.

    Measurement timeframe: 2012

    Denominator: Total number of asymptomatic individuals aged 50 ‐ 74

    Numerator: Number of asymptomatic individuals aged 50 ‐ 74 reporting having had an FOBT within the past 2 years and/or a colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years

    Exclusion criteria: Not applicable

    Data availability: All provinces and territories

    Stratification: By income, immigration status

    Data source: Canadian Community Health Survey

    Data retrieval date: Not available

    Variables details:

    1. Have you ever had an FOBT test? When was the last time?
    2. Why did you have it?
    3. Have you ever had a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy?
    4. When was the last time? Why did you have it?

    Notes from jurisdictions: Not applicable

    Methodology notes: CCHS data are based on a representative sample which is then extrapolated to the overall population. Territories are excluded from the income analysis.

    Changes to definition compared to previous years: Not applicable

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