Index

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  • Cancer Control Domain
  • Disease Site
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  • Cancer control domain
    • 1. Prevention
      • Smoking prevalence
      • Smoking behaviours in current cancer patients
      • Smoking cessation
      • Second-hand smoke exposure
      • Alcohol consumption
      • Adult overweight and obesity
      • Active transportation
      • Physical inactivity
      • Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination
      • Fruit and vegetable consumption
      • Geographic variation in colorectal cancer risk
      • Geographic variation in lung cancer risk
    • 2. Screening
      • Cervical cancer screening
      • Breast cancer screening
      • Colorectal cancer screening
      • PSA testing
      • Screening in underserved populations
    • 3. Diagnosis
      • Breast cancer diagnosis wait time
      • Colorectal cancer diagnosis wait time
      • Capture of stage
      • Stage distribution
      • Prostate risk profile
    • 4. Treatment
      • Surgery
        • Removal and examination of 12 or more lymph nodes in colon resections
        • Resection rates for stage II or III rectal cancer, stage III colon cancer and stage II or IIIA non-small cell lung cancer patients
        • The use of breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomies for breast cancer resections
        • Breast cancer resections that are mastectomies
        • High-risk, resource-intensive surgeries for esophageal, pancreatic, liver, lung and ovarian cancers in Canada
        • Prostate wait times for surgery
        • Radical prostatectomy: open versus laparoscopic surgery
      • Radiation therapy
        • Radiation therapy wait times
        • Radiation therapy utilization and capacity
        • Pre-operative radiation therapy for patients with stage II or III rectal cancer
        • Post-operative radiation therapy for patients with stage I or II breast cancer
        • Prostate wait times for radiation therapy
        • Prostate patterns of care: radiation and surgical treatment
      • Systemic therapy
        • Post-operative chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer patients
        • Post-operative chemotherapy for patients with stage II or IIIA non-small cell lung cancer
    • 5. Person-Centred Perspective
      • Screening for distress
      • Patient satisfaction
      • Place of death
      • Prostate access to palliative radiation
    • 6. Research
      • Adult clinical trial participation
      • Prostate clinical trials participation
      • Pediatric clinical trial participation
      • Cancer research investment
      • Prostate cancer research investment
    • 7. Appropriateness
      • Breast cancer screening outside of guidelines
      • Breast cancer mastectomies done as day surgery
      • Intensive care use in the last two weeks of life
    • 8. Long-term outcomes
      • Breast cancer
      • Lung cancer
      • Colorectal cancer
      • Prostate cancer
      • Pancreatic cancer
  • Disease Site
    • Breast
      • Breast cancer screening
      • Screening in underserved populations
      • Breast cancer diagnosis wait time
      • Capture of stage
      • Stage distribution
      • Surgery
        • Breast cancer resections that are mastectomies
        • The use of breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomies for breast cancer resections
      • Radiation therapy
        • Post-operative radiation therapy for stage I or II breast cancer patients
      • Place of death
      • Adult clinical trial participation
      • Cancer research investment
      • Breast cancer screening outside recommended guidelines
      • Incidence and mortality rates
      • Five-year net survival by income quintile for several cancers in Canada
    • Colorectal
      • Colorectal cancer screening
      • Geographic variation in colorectal cancer risk
      • Screening in underserved populations
      • Colorectal cancer diagnosis wait time
      • Capture of stage
      • Stage distribution
      • Surgery
        • Removal and examination of 12 or more lymph nodes in colon resections
        • Resection rates for stage II or III rectal cancer, stage III colon cancer and stage II or IIIA non-small cell lung cancer patients
      • Radiation therapy
        • Pre-operative radiation therapy for patients with stage II or III rectal cancer
      • Post-operative chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer patients
      • Place of death
      • Adult clinical trial participation
      • Cancer research investment
      • Incidence and mortality rates
      • Five-year net survival by income quintile for several cancers in Canada
    • Lung
      • Capture of stage
      • Stage distribution
      • Geographic variation in lung cancer risk
      • Resection rates for stage II or IIIA Non-snmall cell lung cancer patients
      • Post-operative chemotherapy for stage II or IIIA non-small cell lung cancer patients
      • Place of death
      • Adult clinical trial participation
      • Cancer research investment
      • Incidence and mortality rates
      • Five-year net survival by income quintile for several cancers in Canada
    • Prostate
      • PSA testing
      • Prostate risk profile
      • Capture of stage
      • Stage distribution
      • Prostate wait times for surgery
      • Prostate wait times for radiation therapy
      • Radical prostatectomy: open versus laparoscopic surgery
      • Prostate patterns of care: radiation and surgical treatment
      • Prostate access to palliative radiation
      • Prostate clinical trials participation
      • Adult clinical trial participation
      • Prostate cancer research investment
      • Cancer research investment
      • Incidence & Mortality Rates
      • Five-year net survival by income quintile for several cancers in Canada
    • Cervical
      • Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination
      • Cervical cancer screening
      • Screening in underserved populations
    • Pancreas
      • Incidence and mortality rates
    • Stage Distribution
  • Province & Territory
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  • Screening in underserved populations

Screening in underserved populations

  • Charts and Tables

    Charts and Tables

    Figure 2.6

    Percentage of women† (aged 21 to 69) reporting at least one Pap test in the last three years, by household income quintile and immigrant status, Canada - 2012 reporting year

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    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † Age-standardized to 2011 standard population.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Target line = 80%

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Data Table

    Sociodemographic characteristicSubgroupingsCases‡Percent (%)Lower bound of 95% confidence intervalUpper bound of 95% confidence interval
    Household income quintile (Q)Q12,32769.266.172.3
    Household income quintile (Q)Q22,34975.472.878.0
    Household income quintile (Q)Q33,10280.978.982.9
    Household income quintile (Q)Q43,24684.282.286.2
    Household income quintile (Q)Q53,65884.582.586.6
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: < 10 yrs in Canada45965.057.472.5
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: 10 yrs or more in Canada1,50971.768.175.3
    Immigrant statusCanadian-born12,69581.880.882.9

    + Expand Table

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † Age-standardized to 2011 standard population.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Target line = 80%

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Figure 2.7

    Percentage of eligible† women (aged 50 to 69) reporting a screening†† mammogram in the last two years, by household income quintile and immigrant status, Canada - 2012 reporting year

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    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † A woman is deemed eligible for screening mammography if her reason for undergoing a mammogram is not to investigate previously detected lumps or breast problems, or as follow-up to breast cancer treatment.

    †† Excludes tests done to investigate symptoms.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Target = 70%.

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Data Table

    Sociodemographic characteristicSubgroupingsCases‡Percent (%)Lower bound of 95% confidence intervalUpper bound of 95% confidence interval
    Household income quintile (Q)Q11,29362.357.367.2
    Household income quintile (Q)Q21,57470.766.774.7
    Household income quintile (Q)Q31,78574.470.878.0
    Household income quintile (Q)Q41,56876.472.980.0
    Household income quintile (Q)Q51,75980.577.883.2
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: < 10 yrs in Canada4171.555.887.2
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: 10 yrs or more in Canada1,03471.166.076.1
    Immigrant statusCanadian-born6,78373.471.775.1

    + Expand Table

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † A woman is deemed eligible for screening mammography if her reason for undergoing a mammogram is not to investigate previously detected lumps or breast problems, or as follow-up to breast cancer treatment.

    †† Excludes tests done to investigate symptoms.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Target = 70%.

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Figure 2.8

    Percentage of the population (aged 50 to 74) who are up-to-date† on colorectal cancer screening for asymptomatic†† reasons, by household income quintile and immigrant status, Canada - 2012 reporting year

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    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † Up-to-date is defined as having a fecal test in the past two years and/or sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in the past five years.

    †† Excludes patients being investigated for symptoms.

    E Interpret with caution owing to large variability in the estimate.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

    Data Table

    Sociodemographic characteristicSubgroupingsCases‡Percent (%)Interpret with cautionLower bound of 95% confidence intervalUpper bound of 95% confidence interval
    Household income quintile (Q)Q11,49536.433.139.7
    Household income quintile (Q)Q22,04642.339.545.1
    Household income quintile (Q)Q32,25043.740.846.5
    Household income quintile (Q)Q42,06747.244.250.3
    Household income quintile (Q)Q52,56150.147.652.5
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: < 10 yrs in Canada4827.1E16.637.6
    Immigrant statusImmigrant: 10 yrs or more in Canada1,57646.542.950.0
    Immigrant statusCanadian-born8,61344.343.045.6

    + Expand Table

    The territories are excluded from income analysis in the Canadian Community Health Survey.

    † Up-to-date is defined as having a fecal test in the past two years and/or sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in the past five years.

    †† Excludes patients being investigated for symptoms.

    E Interpret with caution owing to large variability in the estimate.

    ‡ Number of cases in the Canadian Community Health Survey population. Sample weights were used to get estimates representative of the full Canadian population (See data table).

    Data source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey.

  • Data specifications

    Data specifications

    Cervical cancer screening

    Definition: Age‐standardized (2011 standard population) percentage of women aged 18–69 who had at least one Papanicolau (Pap) smear in the past 3 years

    Rationale for measurement: There is substantial evidence that cancer screening rates are lower among Canadians with low socioeconomic status (SES) than they are among those with higher SES, despite a system of universal health care. Research has also shown that new immigrants to Canada tend to underutilize cancer screening services compared to people who were born in Canada. This trend has also been observed in other countries.

    Measurement timeframe: 2012

    Denominator: Total number of women aged 18–69 (excluding women who have had a hysterectomy)

    Numerator: Total number of women aged 18–69 reporting having had at least one Pap test in the past 3 years

    Exclusion criteria: Not applicable

    Data availability: All provinces and territories

    Stratification: By income, immigration status

    Data source: Canadian Community Health Survey

    Data retrieval date: Not available

    Variables details:

    1. Have you ever had a PAP smear test?
    2. When was the last time?
    3. Have you had a hysterectomy?

    Notes from jurisdictions: Not applicable

    Methodology notes: CCHS data are based on a representative sample which is then extrapolated to the overall population. Territories are excluded from the income analysis.

    Changes to definition compared to previous years: Not applicable


    Breast cancer screening

    Definition: Percentage of asymptomatic females aged 50‐69 receiving a mammogram within the past 2 years, where asymptomatic is defined as respondents who indicated going for a mammogram for any of the following reasons:

    • family history; routine screen/check‐up
    • age
    • hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

    Mammograms received for any of the following reasons were excluded:

    • lump
    • breast problem
    • follow‐up to breast cancer treatment
    • other

    Rationale for measurement: There is substantial evidence that cancer screening rates are lower among Canadians with low socioeconomic status (SES) than they are among those with higher SES, despite a system of universal health care. Research has also shown that new immigrants to Canada tend to underutilize cancer screening services compared to people who were born in Canada. This trend has also been observed in other countries.

    Measurement timeframe: 2012

    Denominator: Total number of asymptomatic females aged 50 ‐ 69

    Numerator: Asymptomatic females aged 50 ‐ 69 who indicated going for a mammogram within the past 2 years

    Exclusion criteria: Not applicable

    Data availability: All provinces and territories

    Stratification: By income, immigration status

    Data source: Canadian Community Health Survey

    Data retrieval date: Not available

    Variables details:

    1. Have you ever had a mammogram that is, a breast x‐ray?
    2. Why did you have it? (mark all that apply):
      • family history
      • part of regular check‐up/routine screening
      • age
      • HRT
      • lump
      • followup to breast cancer treatment
      • breast problem
      • other
    3. When was the last time?

    Notes from jurisdictions: Not applicable

    Methodology notes: CCHS data are based on a representative sample which is then extrapolated to the overall population. Territories are excluded from the income analysis.

    Changes to definition compared to previous years: Not applicable


    Colorectal cancer screening

    Definition: Percentage of asymptomatic individuals aged 50 ‐ 74 who are up‐to‐date with their colorectal cancer screening. Up‐to‐date is defined as having had a screening fecal test (FOBT) in the past 2 years and/or sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in the past 5 years, and asymptomatic is defined as respondents who reported having a CRC screening test for any of the following reasons:

    • family history
    • regular check‐up/routine screening
    • age
    • race

    Colorectal screening received for any of the following reasons were excluded:

    • follow‐up of problem
    • follow‐up of colorectal cancer treatment
    • other

    Rationale for measurement: There is substantial evidence that cancer screening rates are lower among Canadians with low socioeconomic status (SES) than they are among those with higher SES, despite a system of universal health care. Research has also shown that new immigrants to Canada tend to underutilize cancer screening services compared to people who were born in Canada. This trend has also been observed in other countries.

    Measurement timeframe: 2012

    Denominator: Total number of asymptomatic individuals aged 50 ‐ 74

    Numerator: Number of asymptomatic individuals aged 50 ‐ 74 reporting having had an FOBT within the past 2 years and/or a colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years

    Exclusion criteria: Not applicable

    Data availability: All provinces and territories

    Stratification: By income, immigration status

    Data source: Canadian Community Health Survey

    Data retrieval date: Not available

    Variables details:

    1. Have you ever had an FOBT test? When was the last time?
    2. Why did you have it?
    3. Have you ever had a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy?
    4. When was the last time? Why did you have it?

    Notes from jurisdictions: Not applicable

    Methodology notes: CCHS data are based on a representative sample which is then extrapolated to the overall population. Territories are excluded from the income analysis.

    Changes to definition compared to previous years: Not applicable

  • Related indicators

    Related Indicators

    Colorectal cancer screening

    Participation rate in colorectal cancer screening programs in a 30-month period (%), by jurisdiction – 2013-14 screening years combined
    View this indicator
    Breast cancer screening

    Participation rate in breast cancer screening programs (%), by jurisdiction – 2014 screening year
    View this indicator
    Cervical cancer screening

    Women aged 21-69 reporting at least one Pap test in 42-month period (%), by jurisdiction – 2010-13 screening years
    View this indicator
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